The efficacy of Vetiveria zizanioides in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland for treating textile wastewater

Abstract Textile wastewater discharged into rivers often triggers a decrease in water quality and causes harm to its aquatic ecosystem. wastewater, which may contain nutrients, organic compounds, heavy metals, can be managed using constructed wetland system. Vetiver grass is known for ability treating polluted waters, though the information related potential controlling textile pollution riparian areas still limited. This study aimed determine efficacy of pilot scale system vetiver ( Vetiveria zizanioides ) removal several pollutants area by wastewater. The flowed horizontally through sub-surface layer with hydraulic retention time two days. was diluted 20%. Three systems were made varying porous size planting media coarse gravel, fine sand. then run three months. Of systems, highest efficiency (RE) achieved NH 4 + parameter an average higher than 60%. nutrient RE sand growing media, more 80%. values fluctuating until end experiment, might occur because not yet stable. It take longer operation get better performance removing contained industry waste.